Published on 12 May 2021 09:14

Mapping Your Way to Better Projects (article)

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Key Learning outcomes
  • New mapping and geospatial data relevant to architects.
  • How to select the correct mapping type in each stage of the RIBA plan of work
  • How to select and apply new map types and geospatial information to projects.
  • How to make sure that a map is correctly licensed and appropriate for use in your projects
Introduction

Architects use maps to gather important data gathered during surveys, research and analysis. A map is a focal point for tracking information collected on environmental, functional and social aspects of a design project as it progresses. Data visualisation allows architects to research and present site possibilities and characteristics that offer insight into the project helping the development of design solutions. When the information is exhibited visually it is much simpler to extract significant patterns and knowledge that might rather be indistinguishable in numbers, and this essentially permits to develop conclusions and make informed design decisions. Not only does this display of information aid the designers with their projects, but it can also demonstrate data to a client more understandably, helping them to acknowledge the origin of the design decisions and allowing them to engage with the design process from a preliminary stage.

This article will explain how maps can be an extremely useful tool during every project stage of the RIBA Plan of Works from helping to formulate a design to submitting to the local authorities and prepare reports for site safety, sustainability, and maintenance.

1.0 Stages 0 & 1 - Strategic Definition & Preparation and Briefing

At stage 0, a strategic appraisal is needed using a topographical map to look at the client’s aims and how they relate to the site. Analysis of the local area and its context is used to check project risks relating to the environment, foliage, building type, density, height, land use, and any surrounding listed buildings or conservation areas. Considerations of local authority strategies can also be needed. Mapping including building heights, can provide an initial understanding of the building massing surrounding the project area. The data is available in PNG and CAD formats. Obtaining tree mapping like the ‘National Tree Map’ aids in understanding the location and size of local trees and helps with planning and costs.

Flood mapping can classify sites into different levels of risk and identify whether a site is suitable for construction. It is normally available for free from bodies like the Environment Agency. Other geospatial information to consider include surrounding building uses, listed buildings and conservation areas, the latter two available from the local authority web site.
Once the limitations to the client’s scheme have been established, more information will be required to generate a building form. This is where a variety of mapping data are most useful. Site specific information such as boundary lines help to identify any discrepancies between the site and title plan, the location of the entrances and existing services, any easements or access issues and how orientation impacts the site. Pre-application research is also undertaken including rights of light and proximity to neighbouring buildings to inform the early design decisions and help form feasibility studies and massing ideas.

3D building models are available for analysis of viewing corridors, viewshed and massing studies. These are usually available ‘off the shelf’ in major cities like London and created bespoke to order for other areas in CAD and other 3d file formats.

Combining large scale topographic mapping like the OS Mastermap and freehold boundaries, can identify property owners and easily resolve common discrepancies. Aerial photography can be used to understand the site in question and roof materials, tree coverage and building types, in advance of an on-site survey. It is now widely available online covering the whole country with differing ages of photography and detail. Typical resolutions are 12.5cm - 25cm (each pixel covers that area on the ground) for UK wide ‘off the shelf’ pre-flown photography. Orthorectification ensures it is ‘map accurate’.
OS Mastermap & Building Heights 3D Model
OS Mastermap & Building Heights 3D Model
 
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