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Published on 12 May 2023 11:00

Projecting and recessed brickwork design and durability

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Key Learning outcomes
  • To understand popular terminology for the anatomy of a brick and brick types.
  • To understand why partially exposing the bed face of a brick is classed as a non-standard application of brick.
  • To understand the exposure and its effect on the projecting or recessed brick detail.
  • To gain an understanding of what needs to be considered in designing projecting or recessed brickwork.
  • To understand freeze thaw durability classification of brick, as defined in BS EN 771-1.
  • To understand whether additional mechanical restraint or support will be required to a wall containing these feature details.
Projecting and recessed brickwork design can provide additional interest and texture in buildings and free standing walls. Although projecting and recessed brickwork isn’t new, unique contemporary brick aesthetics are being achieved using these techniques.

There are an infinite number of effects that can be created, for example:

• Bands of projecting or recessed brick on alternate courses.
• Creating panels of feature brickwork on elevations with recesses or projections of varying depths.
• The introduction of a special shaped brick to create a textural feature.
• Creating inset panels.

1.0 Brick terminology and common brick variants.

For the purpose of this article it is important to explain terminology for the anatomy of a standard clay facing brick and the different variants in its appearance.
Bricks are manufactured to a European Standard, EN771-1, are rectangular in shape and available in various sizes. The most common size in the UK is the metric 215x102x65mm which suits modern housebuilding, although many manufacturers do have larger format variants aimed at the architectural sector.
The bricks may be formed either by compaction into a rectangular mould (stock, moulded or waterstruck) or pushed through a rectangular aperture (extruded) and cut to the desired size (wirecut). Colours and textures can be incorporated during or after forming and, due to the methods of manufacture, are only intended to be visible on one fair-faced side (stretcher face) and one fair-faced end (header). The top and bottom of the brick (bed) is not intended to be seen after construction as it should normally be sandwiched in mortar.
Moulded bricks often contain a large indentation in the bed (frog), extruded wirecuts often contain multiple perforations running through from bed to bed. There are many different types of perforation configurations or size of frog depending on the manufacturers preference to assist with drying and firing.
Some products are produced with no perforations or frogs in the bed and are called solids. However, it should not be assumed that the bed of a solid brick is intended for exposure to the elements.
Aside from rectangular shaped ‘standard’ brick there is the production of ‘Special Shapes’. These bricks are manufactured to compliment standard bricks and are used to create decorative features with infinite possibilities. Special Shapes can be manufactured to offer a fair face to more than just the standard stretcher and header and often the ‘bed surfaces’ can be aesthetically finished to remain visually attractive if they should be used in a detail such as projecting features.
Brick Types
Brick Types
 
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About

Leicester Road
Ibstock
LE67 6HS
Mihailo Simeunovich
Tel + () 01530 261999
m.simeunovich@ibstockbrick.co.uk
The information contained in the CPD article web pages is not intended and accordingly shall not be relied upon either as a substitute for professional advice or judgement or to provide legal or other advice with respect to any particular circumstance. RIBA Enterprises accepts no responsibility for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of the information contained.
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